There is a growing interest in the use of nanoparticles modified with DNAs viruses peptides and proteins for the rational design of nanostructured functional materials and their use in biosensor applications. The challenge is to control the organization of biomolecules on nanoparticles while retaining their biological activity as potential chemical and gene therapeutics. These noble metal nanoparticlesbiomolecules conjugates have specific properties and therefore they are attractive materials fo